国内外水土流失与土壤退化现状及特点分析

Analysis on Current Situation and Characteristic of Soil and Water Loss and Soil Degradation at Home and Abroad

摘要:

土壤侵蚀是土地退化的主要原因,全球约有1 965.0万km2的面积受到各种形式土壤退化的影响,水土流失与土地退化给人类的可持续发展带来了巨大的压力.我国水土流失尤为严重,根据最新第2次水土流失遥感调查结果表明,全国现有的水土流失面积为356.0万km2.轻度水蚀区主要分布在东中部,中度水蚀区绝大部分在中西部,强度及以上的水蚀区主要在西部地区.严重的水土流失使生态环境不断恶化,加剧土地资源危机,已成为严重的社会问题.

Abstract:

Soil erosion is a main reason for the soil degradation, about 19. 65 million km^2 is globally influenced by the soil degradation, soil and water loss and soil degradation bring tremendous pressure for mankind to bear on sustainable development. In our country, soil and water loss is special severe, based on remote investigation of the second time, soil and water loss area is 3.56 million km^2. Slight erosion area is situated in the eastern-middle part, middle erosion in the western-middle part mostly, intensity erosion in the western part mainly. Serious soil and water loss is constantly worsened for the ecological environment, aggravates land resources crisis and becomes serious social problem.