The balance fertilization test,demonstration and economic benefits trees in Jianghan plain were carried out. The results showed that the balance analysis on Populus artificial fertilization can promote the growth of Populus remarkably,N150 P50 K100 applied were the best one among different fertilization formula. Applying the best formula, Populus timber volume increased 83.1% compared with CK,average net income of the demonstrate forests increased 6 177.8 yuan per hm^2 with significant economic benefits.