丹江口湖北库区马尾松人工林水文生态效应

Hydro Ecological Effect of Different Types of Pinnus massoniana Plantationin Danjiangkou Reservoir Area of Hubei Province

摘要:

摘要：采用野外实地观测与室内浸水法，对丹江口湖北库区龙口林场5种类型马尾松林分枯落物蓄水、土壤理化性质和蓄水能力、地表径流和土壤侵蚀等水文效应进行了研究。结果表明：①不同类型马尾松林枯落物层最大持水量间存在显著差异，变化范围在45.83～93.32 t·hm-2，为松柏混交林＞针阔混交林＞低密度马尾松林＞中密度马尾松林＞高密度马尾松林。有效拦蓄量变化范围在29.83～41.79 t·hm-2，为中密度马尾松林＞松柏混交林＞针阔混交林＞低密度马尾松林＞高密度马尾松林。②随着土壤深度的增加，土壤容重呈增加的趋势，而总孔隙度呈逐渐递减的趋势。不同类型马尾松土壤贮水能力差异明显，表现为针阔混交林＞低密度马尾松林＞中密度马尾松林＞松柏混交林＞高密度马尾松林，针阔混交林约是高密度马尾松林的1.25倍。③不同森林类型地表径流量在14.68～29.56 m3·hm-2之间，土壤侵蚀量在2.01～4.15 m3·hm-2之间，且均以栎类次生林最优，松柏混交林次之，马尾松纯林最低。总体而言，综合利用抚育择伐和人工诱导自然更新的方法，人工诱导马尾松纯林逐步向针阔混交林发育，可更有效提高水土保持功能。

Abstract:

Abstract:By the methods of field survey and soaking indoor，this paper studied the hydro ecological effect of five kinds of Pinnus massoniana plantation in Danjiangkou Reservoir Area of Hubei Province, including litter water holding capacity，soil physical properties, soil water holding capacity, surface runoff and soil erosion. The results were showed as follows: ①There were significant differences in maximum water holding capacity of litter layer among different types of Pinnus massoniana plantation. The range of variation of maximum water holding capacity of litter layer was 45.83～93.32 t·hm-2, and the sequence of maximum water holding capacity of litter layer of five kinds of Pinnus massoniana plantation first was decomposed mixed forest of pine and cypress, second was mixed broadleaf conifer forest, third was low density Pinnus massoniana stand, fourth was medium density Pinnus massoniana stand,the last was high density Pinnus massoniana stand, The effective retaining content in litter layer was ranging from 29.83 t·hm-2 to 41.79 t·hm-2, the sequence of which of five kinds of Pinnus massoniana plantation first was the highest medium density Pinnus massoniana stand,the second was mixed forest of pine and cypress,the third was mixed broadleaf conifer forest, the fourth was low density Pinnus massoniana stand,the last was high density Pinnus massoniana stand. ②With the increase of soil depth, soil bulk density increased, while total porosity decreased gradually. Soil water storage capacity of different types of Pinnus massoniana was significantly different, the order first was mixed broadleaf conifer forest,the second was low density Pinnus massoniana stand,the third was medium density Pinnus massoniana stand,the fourth was mixed forest of pine and cypress,the last was high density Pinnus massoniana stand, and soil water storage capacity of mixed broadleaf conifer forest was about 1.25 times higher than that of high density Pinnus massoniana stand. ③Surface runoff and soil erosion of different forest types was respectively 14.68～29.56 m3·hm-2 and 2.01～4.15 m3·hm-2, and oak secondary forest was the best, the mixed forest of pine and cypress followed, Pinnus massoniana stand was the worst. In general, comprehensive utilization of selective cutting and artificially induced natural regeneration methods, which is beneficial to gradually induce Pinnus massoniana stand to mixed broadleaf conifer forest growth, can effectively enhance soil and water conservation function.