濒危植物毛柄小勾儿茶生境特征研究

Studies on Habit Characteristics of Endangered Berchemiella

摘要:

通过对小勾儿茶Berchemiella wilsonii的变种毛柄小勾儿茶Berchemiella wilsonii (Schneid.) Nakai var.pubipetiolata H.Qian 的实地调查，对其分布概况、生境特性以及种群生存概况等方面进行了分析。结果表明：(1)毛柄小勾儿茶主要分布于安徽省霍山县马家河、舒城县万佛山和浙江省临安市湍口乡、临安市马啸乡等地。常见分布于沟边、路边、悬崖峭壁的向阳面。(2)毛柄小勾儿茶对水分及光照的要求较高，喜温暖湿润气候，成年植株主要分布在群落最高层，其幼苗耐荫性差，难以在郁闭度高的林内生长。(3)毛柄小勾儿茶种子大都落在树旁，缺乏有效传播方式，且种子未熟先落，95%无活性，导致极其缺乏幼苗。毛柄小勾儿茶生态位十分狭窄，是群落的伴生种或偶见种，缺乏群落竞争力。毛柄小勾儿茶数量已极其稀少，建议加大保护力度，加快对种子成熟生理机制的研究，提高种子活性。或是探索有效的规模化繁育技术，进行人工抚育小苗，扩大种群数量。

Abstract:

The distribution, habitat and population characteristics of Berchemiella wilsonii var. pubipetiolata were studied in this paper. The results were as follows： (1) B. wilsonii var. pubipetiolata were mainly distributed in Majiahe of Huoshan county, Anhui province. (2) The species had higher requirements for water and light, and mainly prefered to warm and humid climate. Adult plants were mainly distributed at the highest level of the community. The seedlings of B. wilsonii var. pubipetiolata had poor shade tolerance and were difficult to grow in forests with high canopy density. (3) Most of the seeds of B. wilsonii var. pubipetiolata dropped near to parent trees and rolling and water flowing was their major agents of seed dispersal. The seeds dropped before maturity and 95% of them were inactive. The niche of the species was very narrow, so they were associated species or accidental species of the community. The age structure of B. wilsonii var. pubipetiolata was also declining. The quantity of B. wilsonii and B. wilsonii var. pubipetiolata are extremely rare, and it is recommended to make appropriate human disturbance to its existing communities to enhance community competitiveness. Moreover, we should accelerate the research on the physiological mechanism of seed maturity to improve the seed activity. It helps to improve the ability of plants reproduction and establishment for expanding the population.