不同因子对薄壳山核桃嫁接成活及生长影响

Effects of Different Factors on the Graft survival Rate and Growth of carya illinoensis

摘要:

以薄壳山核桃实生苗为砧木,在 8月份通过采用方块芽接法,研究砧木留存复叶数量、砧木遮阴度、砧木浇水时 间、穗条不同部位芽、砧木不同粗度和气温对嫁接成活率的影响 。结果表明:砧木以留存 4 片和 2 片复叶嫁接成活率较高, 分别为 91. 11%和 75. 00%;砧木 20%~40%和 40%~70%遮阴度嫁接成活率较高,分别为 73. 89%和 65. 28%;砧木嫁接 前 1 d浇水和嫁接前当天浇水嫁接成活率较高,分别为 78. 19%和 53. 68%;采用穗条中部芽和底部芽嫁接成活率较高,分 别为 95. 55%和 88. 89%;砧木粗度为 3. 0~4. 9 cm和 2. 0~2. 9 cm嫁接成活率较高,分别为 74. 00%和 66. 62%;气温为 32~34℃时嫁接成活率较高为 78. 89% 。 因此,选择适宜的砧木和接穗能显著提高嫁接成活率。

Abstract:

Annual carya illinoensis seedlings were used as stock to carry out square budding grafting in August, to study the effects of umber of leaves retained in rootstock, shade degree of rootstock, watering time of rootstock, bud of different parts of scion,different coarseness of rootstock and temperature on the graft survival rate and growth. The results showed that:the graft survival rate of 4 and 2 leaves retained in rootstock were higher, which was 91. 11% and 75. 00% respec- tively. The survival rate of 20%~40% and 40%~70% shade grafting of rootstock was higher,73. 89% and 65. 28% , re- spectively. First day before rootstock grafting, the survival rate was 78. 19% and 53. 68% respectively. The survival rate of middle bud and bottom bud grafting was 95. 55% and 88. 89% respectively. The survival rate of rootstock 3. 0~4. 9cm and 2. 0~ 2. 9cm was 74. 00% and 66. 62%, respectively. when the temperature is 32~ 34 ℃ , the higher survival rate is 78. 89% . Therefore, the selection of suitable rootstock and scion can significantly improve the survival rate of grafting.