神农架华山松林内外气候特征比较

Comparison of Climatic Characteristics Inside and Outside Pinus armandii Forest in Shennongjia

摘要:

采用自动气象观测站对林内外小气候进行定位观测的方法，以神农架森林生态站2019年9月～2020年8月气象观测数据为基础，从空气温湿度、风速、降水量、太阳总辐射、光合有效辐射、土壤温度等因子对神农架华山松人工林林内外气象要素进行比较分析。结果表明：在冬季林内空气温度和土壤温度高于林外，而其他季节林外空气温度和土壤温度高于林内。降水量主要集中在6～10月，林内外降水量分别占全年降水量的79.7%和76.9%。空气相对湿度主要受降水量的影响，在雨季林内相对湿度高于林外，而其他季节林外相对湿度高于林内。林内风速低于林外，林内比林外月平均风速降低44.3%。全年林内外太阳总辐射分别为1047.9 MJ?m-2和4116.9 MJ?m-2，光合有效辐射分别为514.4 umol?m-2s-1和1987.9 umol?m-2s-1，林内太阳总辐射和光合有效辐射在各月均明显低于林外。

Abstract:

With the experimental ways of locating observation for the forest micro-climate by automatic weather station. Based on the observation data from September 2019 to August 2020 of Shennongjia Forest Ecosystem Research Station, this paper applied air temperature, air humidity, wind speed, rainfall, solar radiation, photosynthetic effective radiation and soil temperature to analyze the meteorological factors inside and outside Pinus armandii plantation. The results showed the air temperature and soil temperature in the forest were higher than those outside the forest in winter, while in other seasons, the air temperature and soil temperature outside the forest were higher than those in the forest. The precipitation was mainly concentrated from June to October, and the precipitation inside and outside the forest accounts for 79.7% and 76.9% of the annual precipitation respectively. The air relative humidity was mainly affected by precipitation. In rainy season, the relative humidity inside the forest was higher than that outside the forest, while in other seasons, the relative humidity outside the forest was higher than that in the forest. The wind speed inside the forest was lower than that outside the forest, and the monthly average wind speed inside the forest was 44.3% lower than that outside the forest. The annual total solar radiation inside and outside the forest was 1047.9 MJ?m-2 and 4116.9 MJ?m-2 respectively, and the photosynthetic effective radiation was 514.4 umol?m-2s-1 and 1987.9 umol?m-2s-1 respectively. The total solar radiation and photosynthetic effective radiation in the forest were significantly lower than those outside the forest in each month.