人为干扰对羊山湿地植物多样性的影响

EfectsofAnthropogenicDisturbanceonPlantDiversityinYangshanWetland

摘要:

通过3S技术划分4种不同程度的人为干扰区,采用样方调查法,调查分析不同干扰区域的植物多样性指数的变 化,探究人为干扰对湿地植物多样性的影响,为羊山湿地植物资源的科学管理、保护与利用提供参考 。结果表明:①乔木层以 苦模的频数最高,其次为潺搞木姜子和厚皮树;灌木层分布数量较少,种类单一 ,频数最高的为马缨丹;草本层植物鬼针草的频 数高,羊山湿地外来种入侵形势严峻 。②对比 209年和 2017年羊山湿地干扰区域动态变化情况发现,随着人为干扰加剧,微 弱干扰区逐渐向轻度干扰和重度干扰转化,轻度干扰区出现大幅度增加 。③随着干扰程度的加大,Shanon-Wiener指数和 Simpson指数呈减小趋势,Pielou指数则有不同表现,人为干扰对植物种类具有一定的筛选性,繁殖能力强,生境适应性强的物 种,可在不同的干扰区内占据重要地位。

Abstract:

Fourdiferentlevelsofhumandisturbanceareasweredividedby3Stechnology,andthequadratsurveymeth- odwasusedtoinvestigateandanalyzethechangesofplantdiversityindexindiferentdisturbanceareas,soastoexplore theimpactofhumandisturbanceonplantdiversity.Thestudyprovidesareferenceforthescientificmanagement,protec- tionandutilizationofplantresourcesinYangshanwetland.Theresultsshowedthat:①thefrequencyofMeliaazedarach wasthehighestinthearborlayer,folowedbyLitseaglutinosaandLaneacoromandelica.Lantanacamarawasthe highestintheshrublayer,andBidensalbawasthemostfrequent.TheinvasionsituationofalienspeciesinYangshan wetlandwassevere;②ComparingthedynamicchangesoftheinterferenceareaofYangshanwetlandin2009and2017,it isfoundthatwiththeintensificationofhumaninterference,theweakinterferenceareagradualy transformstolightin- terferenceandheavyinterference,andthelightinterferenceareaincreasessignificantly.③Withtheincreaseofdisturb- ancedegre,ShannonWienerindexandSimpsonindextendtodecrease,whilePielouindexhasdiferentperformancein. Specieswithcertainscreningofplantspecies,strongreproductiveabilityandstronghabitatadaptabilitycanocupyan importantpositionindiferentdisturbanceareas.