湖北大老岭国家级自然保护区鸟兽资源的初步调查

preliminary survey of Mammals and Birds in Dalaoling National Nature Reserve of Hubei

摘要:

为 了掌握大老岭国家级自然保护区内鸟兽资源现状,本研究于 2019年 3 月~2022年 4 月在该保护区 国有林范 围内通过划分网格布设相机的方法进行调查 。野外调查覆盖 61个网格,布设相机 104 台,累计相机工作 日 24639d,收集 独立有效照片数为 9718张,共监测到兽类 7 目 14科 24种,鸟类 6 目 20科 58种 。结果表明:大老岭国家级自然保护区 内 有林麝和小灵猫 2种国家 I 级重点保护野生动物,猕猴、中华鬣羚、中华斑羚等 18种国家Ⅱ级保护野生动物, IUCN受威胁 物种 5种,《中国脊椎动物红色名录》受威胁物种 20种;新记录种 6种,分别是凤头蜂鹰、蛇雕、黄腿渔鹗、小黑领噪鹃、灰翅 鹌、灰头鹌 。兽类物种相对多度指数(RAI)排列前三的分别为小麂(RAI= 9. 70) 、野猪(RAI= 7. 66) 、毛冠鹿(RAI= 3. 26) , 鸟类物种相对多度指数排列前三的依次为红腹锦鸡(RAI= 0. 24) 、红腹角雉(RAI= 0. 23)和勺鸡(RAI = 0. 21) 。兽类网格 占有率最高为小麂(GO=93. 44%),其次分别是野猪(GO=85. 25%) 、果子狸(GO= 72. 13%),鸟类中网格占有率最高依次 是勺鸡(GO= 32. 79%) 、红腹角雉(GO= 29. 51%) 、红腹锦鸡(GO= 27. 87%) 。 此外,本调查也分析了人类干扰情况,并且 发现新记录种并更新了保护区鸟兽资源现状,为野生动物保护和保护区管理提供了基础数据。

Abstract:

In order to understand resources of bird and animal in the Dalaoling National Nature Reserve . we investigated wildlife by camera trapping locating in 1 km ×1km grids in state-owned forest of the reserve from March 2019 to April 2022. Atotal of 9718independent images were obtained and 87valid survey sites were completed covering 61km2 grids within 24639camera days . There were 24species of mammals belonging to 7 orders, 14families and 58species of birds belonging to 6 orders,20families . The results showed that among 82species, Moschus berezovskii and viverricula indica were listed as Class I National key protected species and 18species such as Macaca mulatta , capricornis milneedwardsii, Naemorhedusgriseus were listed as Class Ⅱ National key protected species in China . Five species were threatened ac- cording to the IUCN Red List, and 20species are listed in the Red List of China》s vertebrates . Comparing with historical records of Dalaoling,6new avian species were recorded, including pernisptilorhynchus,Spilornischeela ,ketupa flavipes , Garrulax monileger, Turdus boulboul and Turdus rubrocanus . The analysis on the relative abundance of species showed that the three mammal species with highest RAIs (relative abundance index) in the reserve were respectively Muntiacus reevesi(RAI=9. 70) 、Sus scrofa (RAI=7. 66) 、Elaphoduscephalophus (RAI=3. 26) . The bird species with highest RAIs were chrysolophus pictus (RAI=0. 24) 、Tragopan temminckii (RAI=0. 23) 、pucrasia macrolopha (RAI=0. 21) . Three mammals with the highest grid occupancy rate were M. reevesi (GO=93. 44%) ,S. scrofa (GO=85. 25%) and paguma larvata (GO=72. 13%) . The bird species with highest GOs were p. macrolopha (GO=32. 79%) 、T. temminckii (GO=29. 51%) 、C. pictus (GO=27. 87%) . This survey also analyzed the human interference . our study update information of mammals and birds, which will provide basic data for wildlife protection and reserve management.