湖南南山国家公园生态区资源冷杉现状与保育对策

Current Status and Conservation Measures of Abies ziyuanensis in the Ecological Area of Nanshan National Park in Hunan Province

摘要:

掌握资源冷杉野生种群生长现状，是制定种群保育措施与开展生物多样性保护的重要依据。本研究采用样地和样方调查方法，对湖南南山国家公园生态区的资源冷杉野生种群进行了详细调查，分析了现存资源冷杉种群的数量分布、适生生境、群落结构、年龄结构以及胸径树高结构等方面的现状。结果表明：湖南南山国家公园生态区的资源冷杉野生植株数量为106株（不包括幼苗）；其适生区域的海拔范围在1450～1900 m之间，适生土壤为山地黄棕壤，适宜生长温度在9.5～14.5℃之间，适生区域年均降雨量介于1218～2018 mm之间，年均相对湿度介于79.2～85.6%之间；现有种群的群落结构完整，具有明显的乔灌草分层；年龄结构存在不合理现象，不同种群的胸径树高差异显著（P＜0.05）。结合现存资源冷杉存在的更新繁育问题，从增加种群数量、改善种群群落结构与年龄结构三个方面提出了资源冷杉种群的保育对策。资源冷杉的现状调查结果和保育对策，可以为南方地区资源冷杉种群的保护提供重要参考。

Abstract:

The status of the wild population growth of Abies ziyuanensis is crucial for formulating population conservation measures and biodiversity protection. In this study, we conducted field surveys on Abies ziyuanensis populations in Nanshan National Park in Hunan, using plot and quadrat sampling methods. We analyzed the quantity distribution, suitable habitat, population composition, age structure, and height-diameter tree structure of the current populations. Results showed that the number of wild plants of Abies ziyuanensis in Hunan Nanshan National Park is 106 (excluding seedlings); its suitable growth altitude ranges between 1450 ~ 1900 m, suitable soil is montane yellow-brown soil, suitable mean annual temperature is 9.5 ~ 14.5℃, annual mean rainfall is 1218 ~ 2018 mm, and the annual relative humidity is 79.2 ~ 85.6%. The existing community structure is intact and shows clear tree, shrub and herb layers. The age structure showed some anomalies, and the height-diameter tree differences among different populations were significant (P＜0.05). Considering the issues of regeneration and breeding in the existing population, we propose conservation strategies for Abies ziyuanensis from three aspects: increasing the population size, improving the community structure and age structure. The findings and conservation strategies for Abies ziyuanensis can provide important references for the protection of populations in southern China.