城市道路绿化对极端高温干旱气候的响应特征研究

Study on the Response Characteristics of Urban Road Greening to Extreme High Temperature and Drought Climate

摘要:

随着城市化的不断推进以及全球气候变化的加剧，高温、干旱等极端气候频发，对城市园林绿化造成重大影响。城市道路绿化作为城市绿地一种典型的带状绿地，其对高温干旱气候的响应机制尚不明确。以2022年南昌市所遭受的极端高温干旱气候为契机，对南昌市经开区十五条主次干道绿化树种进行受害特征调查分析，结果表明：(1)受高温旱害影响的植株分布呈现出一定的空间聚集性和规律性，南北向道路植物受灾较为严重，东西向道路植物受灾情况相对较轻；(2)随着树下铺装面积的增加，乔木、灌木受损情况呈上升趋势；随着铺装透水率的增加，乔木、灌木受损情况呈下降趋势；(3)乔木个体越大、长势越好，其抗干旱能力越强；(4)对耐旱性较差、小胸径及低矮的树种及时养护。适当增加南北朝向道路的人工浇灌及管护频次。选择透水性较好的铺装，并适当减少树下铺装的面积，以此来缓解高温干旱对城市道路绿化的影响。

Abstract:

With the continuous advancement of urbanization and the intensification of global climate change, extreme weather such as high temperatures and droughts occur frequently, causing significant impacts on urban landscaping and greening. Urban road greening, as a typical strip green space in urban areas, its response mechanism to high temperature and arid climate is not yet clear. Taking the extreme high temperature and drought climate experienced by Nanchang City in 2022 as an opportunity, a survey and analysis were conducted on the characteristics of tree species affected by greening on fifteen main and secondary roads in the Economic Development Zone of Nanchang City. The results showed that: (1) the distribution of plants affected by high temperature and drought showed a certain spatial clustering and regularity, with plants on north-south roads being more severely affected and those on east-west roads being relatively less affected; (2) As the paving area under the trees increases, the damage to trees and shrubs shows an upward trend; As the permeability rate of pavement increases, the damage to trees and shrubs shows a downward trend; (3) The larger the individual and the better its growth, the stronger its drought resistance ability;(4) Timely care for tree species with poor drought resistance, small diameter at breast height, and low height. Appropriately increase the frequency of manual watering and maintenance for north-south facing roads. Choose a pavement with good permeability and reduce the area of pavement under trees appropriately to alleviate the impact of high temperature and drought on urban road greening.