黄冈遗爱湖国家湿地公园外来入侵植物现状及防治对策研究

Study on Situation and Control Strategies of Alien Invasive Plants in Yiaihu National Wetland Park of Huanggang

摘要:

为了探究黄冈遗爱湖国家湿地公园外来入侵植物的现状，在黄冈遗爱湖国家湿地公园设置 12 条样线开展调查，统计分析公园内外来植物的种类组成、区系特征、原产地、引入途径及其危害程度。结果表明，黄冈遗爱湖国家湿地公园内有外来入侵植物 47 种，隶属 22 科 35 属。其中，菊科种类最多，达到 13 种，占据外来入侵植物总数的 27.66%。从科、属的分布区类型来看，均体现为世界分布为主、泛热带和北温带分布次之的特点。从原产地的角度看，以美洲来源为主，共有 30 种，占比达到 63.82%。从生长类型来看，草本植物占据主导地位，占比高达 95.74%。 对入侵途径分析发现，有意引入和自然扩散是最主要的入侵途径。从风险等级看，47 种外来入侵植物中有 23 种处于低风险等级（Ⅳ、Ⅴ 级），危害较小，高风险等级（Ⅰ、Ⅱ 级）外来入侵植物共 18 种。人为干扰以及湿地本身复杂的生境特征是决定城中湖泊型湿地外来植物组成和入侵危害的主要因素，建议日常管理中加强高风险等级的外来入侵植物的防控，尽可能降低其对该湿地公园生态安全的威胁。

Abstract:

This study aims to conduct a thorough investigation into the current situation of alien invasive plants in Huanggang Yiaihu National Wetland Park, based on field investigation of 12 sampling transects, we analyzed species composition, flora characteristics, origins, introduction pathways and hazard degree of alien plants in Huanggang Yiaihu National Wetland Park, Hubei ProvinceThe result showed that a total of 47 alien invasive plant species were discovered in Yiaihu National Wetland Park, belonging to 22 families and 35 genera. Among them, the Composite family boasts the largest number of species, totaling 13, accounting for 27.66% of the total number of alien invasive plants.In terms of origin, plants from the Americas are the main source, with 30 species accounting for 63.82%. Regarding the distribution types of families and genera, worldwide distribution, pantropical distribution, and north temperate distribution are particularly prominent. Herbaceous plants dominate the growth types, accounting for a high proportion of 95.74%.Intentional introduction and natural spread are the primary invasion pathways. According to the hazard degree, 23 of the 47 alien invasive plants fell within the low-risk levels (Ⅳ, Ⅴ), posing minimal harm. However, 18 invasive alien plants were categorized as high risk (Ⅰ, Ⅱ).Human disturbance and complex habitat characteristics of the wetland itself are the main reasons that determine the composition and invasion hazards of alien plants in lake wetlands in city. Thus, we recommend prioritizing the prevention and control measures for these high-risk alien invasive plants to minimize threats to the ecological security of this wetland park.